某院2011-2016年正畸治疗后口腔感染患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析
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篇名: 某院2011-2016年正畸治疗后口腔感染患者病原菌分布及耐药性分析
TITLE:
摘要: 目的:为临床合理用药和耐药菌防治提供参考。方法:选择某院2011年7月-2016年7月经正畸治疗后发生口腔感染的患者148例,对其病原菌的分布及耐药情况进行回顾性分析。结果:148例口腔感染患者共送检临床标本275份,其中阳性标本209份,阳性率为76.00%。共检出病原菌332株,包括革兰氏阳性菌85株(占25.60%)和革兰氏阴性菌247株(占74.40%)。分离数量排名前7位的菌种依次为伴放线放线杆菌(54株,占16.27%)、牙龈卟啉单胞菌(41株,占12.35%)、福赛坦氏菌(37株,占11.14%)、口腔链球菌(33株,占9.94%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(30株,占9.04%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(26株,占7.83%)和铜绿假单胞菌(25株,占7.53%)。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、苯唑西林和四环素的耐药率均较高(耐药率>50%),但对万古霉素和替考拉宁敏感(耐药率均为0);粪肠球菌对青霉素G、红霉素和苯唑西林的耐药率均较高(耐药率>50%),但对万古霉素和利福平敏感(耐药率均为0);肺炎克雷伯菌对庆大霉素、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星和头孢唑林的耐药率均较高(耐药率>50%),但对亚胺培南、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、氨苄西林钠舒巴坦钠和阿莫西林克拉维酸钾较为敏感(耐药率<10%);铜绿假单胞菌对庆大霉素和左氧氟沙星的耐药率≥80%,但对氨曲南较为敏感(耐药率为8.00%);大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林的耐药率为84.21%,但对亚胺培南和氨苄西林钠舒巴坦钠较为敏感(耐药率均为5.26%)。结论:正畸治疗后口腔感染的病原菌种类多样,以革兰氏阴性菌为主,其耐药情况不容乐观。对主要病原菌敏感性较高的药物包括万古霉素、亚胺培南、含酶抑制剂复合制剂等。临床应重视病原菌培养和药敏试验,并根据药敏试验结果针对性地选择抗菌药物,以提高抗菌效果、延缓耐药菌的产生。
ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for clinical rational drug use and the prevention and treatment of drug-resistance bacteria. METHODS: A total of 148 patients with oral infection after orthodontic treatment were selected from a hospital during Jul. 2011-Jul. 2016. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among 148 patients with oral infection, 275 clinical specimens were detected, including 209 positive specimens with positive rate of 76.00%. A total of 332 pathogenic bacteria were detected, including 85 Gram-positive bacteria (25.60%) and 247 Gram-negative bacteria (74.40%). Top 7 isolated bacteria in the list of quantity were Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (54 strains, 16.27%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (41 strains, 12.35%), Tannerella forsythia (37 strains, 11.14%), Streptococcus oralis (33 strains, 9.94%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (30 strains, 9.04%), Staphylococcus aureus (26 strains, 7.83%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25 strains, 7.53%). Resistance rates of S. aureus to penicillin G, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, oxacillin and tetracycline were all in high level (resistance rate>50%), but it was sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin (resistance rate of 0). Enterococcus faecalis showed high resistance to penicillin G, erythromycin and oxacillin (resistant rate>50%), but was sensitive to vancomycin and rifampicin (resistant rate of 0). K. Pneumoniae showed high resistance to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and cefazolin (resistant rate>50%), but was sensitive to imipenem, ceftazidime, cefepime, ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (resistant rate<10%). Resistant rates of P. aeruginosa to gentamicin and levofloxacin were ≥80%, but it was sensitive to aztreonam (resistant rate of 8.00%). Resistant rate of Escherichia coli to piperacillin was 84.21%, but it was sensitive to imipenem and ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium (resistance rate of 5.26%). CONCLUSIONS: After orthodontic treatment, the pathogens of oral infection are various, mainly Gram-negative bacteria, and their drug resistance is not optimistic. The drugs with high sensitivity to the main pathogens include vancomycin, imipenem and enzyme inhibitor complex preparations, etc. Clinical attention should be paid to the cultivation of pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity test; according to the results of drug sensitivity test, targeted antibiotics should be selected to improve the antibacterial effect and delay the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.
期刊: 2017年第28卷第32期
作者: 舒丹,詹柏林,曾阳,林富伟
AUTHORS: SHU Dan,ZHAN Bolin,ZENG Yang,LIN Fuwei
关键字: 正畸治疗;口腔感染;病原菌分布;耐药性
KEYWORDS: Orthodontic treatment; Oral infection; Pathogenic distribution; Drug resistance
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