美国、加拿大药师的社会信任度、收入情况介绍及其对我国药学发展的启示-中国药房

美国、加拿大药师的社会信任度、收入情况介绍及其对我国药学发展的启示

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篇名：	美国、加拿大药师的社会信任度、收入情况介绍及其对我国药学发展的启示
TITLE：
摘要：	目的：为我国的药师在医改中充分发挥作用提供参考。方法：查阅国外社会调查类网站、药学机构官方网站和近年来国内外相关文献，介绍美国和加拿大药师的社会信任度、收入情况，提出其对我国药师及管理部门的启示。结果与结论：美国和加拿大药师社会信任度高，信任度排名在其国家所有职业排名中多次排名前三位；美国和加拿大药师的收入较高（如2016年美国药师年收入中位数为122 230美元，远高于其人均可支配收入43 183美元；2016年加拿大全职药师的年收入中位数为96 546美元，同样高于其人均年收入33 920美元）；同时，两国都有各自的药事补偿制度，规定不同类型的药学服务需支付相应明确的报酬。美国和加拿大药师可为常见病及慢性病提供便捷的服务，为患者提供专业的服务，社区药师可提供调配药品、审核医师处方、为患者及其家属提供药学咨询等服务，且部分社区药师有一定的处方权，医院药师主要从事药学临床实践工作（如参与制订用药方案、调整用药方案、参与处方集和用药指南制订等）并负有教育和科研工作、减少患者用药支出等职责，这是两国药师信任度和收入较高的原因。我国应立足国内实际，借鉴美国和加拿大药师的服务模式，让药师为民众提供专业和便捷的药学服务（包括药品供应和合理用药），并通过不断提升专业素质、扩大药师工作职能，以更好地为社会服务，从而提高社会对我国药师行业的认可；此外，医院和社区药房管理层也应重视探索药学管理模式，为药师提供职业发展的机会，政府相关管理部门也应意识到药师的价值，扩大其职能、完善相关课程设置。
ABSTRACT：	OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for completely playing the role of pharmacists in Medical Reform in China. METHODS： Referring to foreign social survey websites， pharmacy agency official websites and the related literatures at home and abroad in recent years， degree of social trust and income of pharmacists in USA and Canada were introduced； enlightenment to pharmacists and administrative department were introduced. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： The social trust of pharmacists in USA and Canada is high， ranking in the top three of all professional rankings； they have good income （median annual income of USA pharmacists in 2016 was $122 230， much higher than its per capita disposable income of $43 183； median annual income of full-time Canadian pharmacists in 2016 was $96 546， also higher than the average annual income of $33 920 per capita）. At same time， both countries have their own pharmaceutical compensation systems， which stipulate that different types of pharmaceutical care should be paid a definite remuneration. Pharmacists in USA and Canada can provide convenient services for common and chronic diseases and provide professional services for patients. Community pharmacists can provide service such as dispensing medicines， reviewing doctor’s prescriptions， providing pharmaceutical counseling for patients and their family members， and some community pharmacists have prescription rights. Hospital pharmacists are mainly engaged in pharmaceutical clinical practice （participating in the formulation of medication plan， the adjustment of medication plan， the formulation of formulary and medication plan， etc.） and have the responsibility of educating and researching， reducing the expenditure of patients on medication. This is the reason why the trust and income of pharmacists in the two countries are higher. Based on domestic practice， China should learn from the service models of USA and Canadian pharmacists， make the pharmacist to provide professional and convenient pharmaceutical care （including drug supply and rational drug use） for the people， and enhance the recognition of the society to pharmacists in China by improving the professional quality， expanding the pharmacist job functions， providing better service to the society. In addition， the management of hospitals and community pharmacies should also attach importance to the mode of pharmaceutical management and provide professional development opportunities for pharmacists. Relevant government departments should also be aware of the value of pharmacists， expand their functions and improve the relevant curriculum.
期刊：	2018年第29卷第23期
作者：	王琳玉，梁宁生
AUTHORS：	WANG Linyu，LIANG Ningsheng
关键字：	药师；美国；加拿大；社会信任度；收入
KEYWORDS：	Pharmacist； USA； Canada； Social trust； Income
阅读数：	532 次
本月下载数：	15 次

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