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中美急诊专科临床药师培训项目的比较与启示
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| 篇名： | 中美急诊专科临床药师培训项目的比较与启示 |
| TITLE： | Comparison and enlightenment of emergency specialist clinical pharmacists training programs between China and the United States |
| 摘要： | 目的 比较中美两国急诊专科临床药师培训项目，为我国开展急诊专科临床药师培训提供有益借鉴。方法通过检索美国卫生系统药师协会（ASHP）官网、美国急诊PGY2培训项目部分培训机构官网、我国国家卫生健康委官网、中国医院协会药事专业委员会网站等，获取急诊专科临床药师培训有关资料与数据，利用Excel软件、NVivo软件分析培训项目开展情况。通过中国知网、PubMed等中英文数据库，进行相关主题检索，根据研究目的对检索到的文献进行筛选、梳理、分析。结果美国现有急诊PGY2培训项目115个，提供专科药师培训岗位120个，项目分布在全美35个州，培训机构涵盖医院、医学中心、大学等类型，培训模式以医院模式+急诊监护模式为主；项目申请条件包括持有药学博士学位、持有药师执照、完成PGY1培训；培训标准涵盖能力领域、能力目标、学习目标3个层次，培训内容包括必修轮转、选修轮转、纵向培训3个部分；培训项目以形成性评估和总结性评估相结合的方式开展评估，评估结果分为4个等级。我国急诊专科临床药师培训目前仅有1个培训基地，年招收学员3名；报名条件主要对申请者的学历、专业、工作年限、职称等作出若干规定；培训内容涵盖综合素质、临床专业理论知识与技能、药物知识与应用能力、临床用药实践技能4个方面，培训过程以急诊科轮转为主；考核方式以理论考核、日常考核、结业考核相结合的形式进行。结论美国急诊PGY2培训项目开展注重普惠性和专业性；项目申请具有严格的筛选机制，对学员具有优厚的激励机制；培训内容注重能力导向和实用性；考核评估方式与能力目标契合。我国急诊专科临床药师培训处于探索与起步阶段；项目申请条件宽松，对学员的激励不足；培训内容较为程式化、浅显化；考核评估方式仍以量化指标为主。在我国急诊专科临床药师培训项目的拓展和普及过程中，应在基地布局、申请条件、培训内容、考核方式等方面借鉴美国等发达国家先进经验，结合我国急诊临床实践的现实场景，不断提高急诊专科临床药师培训项目的普及度和培训效能。 |
| ABSTRACT： | OBJECTIVE To compare the emergency specialist clinical pharmacist training programs between China and the United States， providing valuable insight for the development of specialized clinical pharmacist training in emergency departments within China. METHODS By reviewing the official website of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists （ASHP）， the websites of some training institutions offering PGY2 emergency medicine （EM） residency programs in the United States， the official website of China’s National Health Commission， and the website of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Committee of the Chinese Hospital Association， relevant materials and data on the training of emergency medicine clinical pharmacists were collected. Microsoft Excel and NVivo software were utilized to analyze the implementation status of these training programs. Literature searches were conducted via Chinese （CNKI） and English （PubMed） databases， followed by screening， categorization， and thematic analysis aligned with research objectives. RESULTS As of now， there are 115 accredited PGY2 EM residency programs in the United States， which provide 120 specialized pharmacist training positions. These programs are distributed across 35 states and are hosted by a variety of institutions， including hospitals， medical centers， and universities. The predominant training model follows a hospital+acute care framework. Eligibility requirements for PGY2 EM residency programs include possession of a doctor of pharmacy （Pharm.D.） degree， pharmacist licensure， and completion of a PGY1 residency. The training standards are structured into three tiers： competency areas， competency goals， and learning objectives. The curriculum typically includes core rotations， elective rotations， and longitudinal training components. Assessment is conducted through a combination of formative and summative evaluations， with results categorized into four proficiency levels. In China， there is only one training base currently for emergency clinical pharmacist specialty training with an annual enrollment of three trainees. Applicant eligibility primarily involves requirements regarding academic degree， professional background， years of experience， and professional title. The training content covers four domains： general competency， clinical theoretical knowledge and skills， pharmacological knowledge and application， and clinical medication practice skills. The training process centers on rotations within emergency departments. Assessment methods include theoretical examinations， daily performance evaluations， and final completion assessments. CONCLUSIONS PGY2 EM residency programs in the United States emphasize inclusivity and professionalism in their implementation. Program admission involves a rigorous selection process， and they offer attractive incentive structures for trainees. The training content focuses on competency-based approaches and pragmatic applicability， while assessment methods are closely aligned with defined competence objectives. In contrast， specialist clinical pharmacist training in emergency medicine in China is currently in the exploratory and nascent stages. Admission criteria tend to be less stringent， and incentives for trainees are often insufficient. The training content appears relatively stereotyped and superficial， with assessment methods still primarily reliant on quantifiable metrics. In expanding and popularizing China’s emergency specialist clinical pharmacist training programs， it is essential to draw on advanced experiences from developed countries like the United States， particularly in areas such as training base distribution， application requirements， training content， and assessment methods. Aligned with the realities of emergency clinical practice in China， efforts should focus on enhancing program accessibility and training efficacy. |
| 期刊： | 2025年第36卷第23期 |
| 作者： | 容志欢；张雅聪；李继龙；张皓喆；张新平 |
| AUTHORS： | RONG Zhihuan，ZHANG Yacong，LI Jilong，ZHANG Haozhe，ZHANG Xinping |
| 关键字： | 临床药师；急诊科；专科培训项目；PGY2 |
| KEYWORDS： | clinical pharmacist； emergency department； specialty training program； PGY2 |
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