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儿童接种麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗的安全性及免疫学效果观察
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| 篇名： | 儿童接种麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗的安全性及免疫学效果观察 |
| TITLE： | |
| 摘要： | 目的：观察儿童接种麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗（MMR）的安全性及免疫学效果。方法：选取2015年1月－2016年4月在长沙市妇幼保健院进行疫苗接种的8～12个月的儿童300例，进行疫苗安全性和免疫学效果的观察。按照接种疫苗的不同将受试儿童分为MMR组、麻疹疫苗组、腮腺炎疫苗组和风疹疫苗组，各75例。对比4组儿童接种相应疫苗后72 h内不良反应的发生情况；在疫苗接种前和接种后5个月分别采集受试儿童静脉血，采用微量血凝抑制（HI）试验检查抗体阳性，记录免疫后HI抗体滴度，分别计算其转阳率和几何平均滴度（GMT）。结果：4组儿童总不良反应发生率分别为9.33％、8.00％、8.00％和10.67％；4组儿童都没有出现局部不良反应，全身性不良反应中发热的发生率均高于其他临床表现，分别为4.00％、4.00％、4.00％和5.33％，各组间各项不良反应发生率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。MMR组儿童的麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹抗体转阳率分别为100％、92.00％和100％，麻疹疫苗组、腮腺炎疫苗组和风疹疫苗相应抗体转阳率分别为100％、85.33％和100％，各组间同种抗体转阳率比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。MMR组和麻疹疫苗组儿童的麻疹GMT分别为1 ∶ 41和1 ∶ 27，MMR组和腮腺炎疫苗组儿童的腮腺炎GMT分别为1 ∶ 6.3和1 ∶ 6.2，组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；MMR组和风疹疫苗组儿童的风疹GMT分别为1 ∶ 320和1 ∶ 849，组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：MMP与传统的单一疫苗比较，没有增加不良反应的发生率，且不影响转阳率，但其风疹GMT明显上升，值得留意。 |
| ABSTRACT： | OBJECTIVE： To observe the safety and immunological effects of Measles-mumps-rubella （MMR） attenuated live attenuated vaccine in children. METHODS： 300 children aged 8-12 months receiving inoculation were selected from Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care during Jan. 2015-Apr. 2016 to observe safety and immunological effects. Those children were divided into MMR group， measles vaccine group， mumps vaccine group and rubella vaccine group according to vaccine type， with 75 cases in each group. The occurrence of ADR in 72 h were compared among 4 groups after inoculation； venous blood of children was collected before vaccination and 5 months after vaccination， and the antibody positive test was carried out by micro coagulation inhibition （HI） test； HI antibody titer was recorded after immunization， and positive rate and genometric meantiter（GMT） were calculated. RESULTS： The incidence of ADR in 4 groups were 9.33％， 8.00％， 8.00％ and 10.67％， respectively. No local ADR was found in 4 groups； among systemic ADR， the incidence of fever was higher than that of other clinical manifestations， being 4.00％， 4.00％， 4.00％ and 5.33％； there was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR among 4 groups （P＞0.05）. Measles， mumps and rubella antibody positive rates of MMR group were 100％， 92.00％ and 100％， respectively； antibody positive rates of measles vaccine group， mumps vaccine group and rubella vaccine group were 100％， 85.33％ and 100％， respectively； there was no statistical significance in same antibody positive rate among 4 groups （P＞0.05）. GMT of measles in MMR group and measles vaccine group were 1 ∶ 41 and 1 ∶ 27， that of mumps in MMR group and mumps vaccine group were 1 ∶ 6.3 and 1 ∶ 6.2， there was no statistical significance （P＞0.05）； GMT of rubella in MMR group and rubella vaccine group were 1 ∶ 320 and 1 ∶ 849， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS： Compared to traditional single vaccine， MMR dose not increase the incidence of ADR and not influence positive rate， but GMT of rubella increases significantly， to which should be paid attention. |
| 期刊： | 2016年第27卷第35期 |
| 作者： | 吴媛，黎丽 |
| AUTHORS： | WU Yuan，LI Li |
| 关键字： | 麻腮风联合减毒活疫苗；麻疹减毒活疫苗；腮腺炎减毒活疫苗；风疹减毒活疫苗；安全性；免疫学效果 |
| KEYWORDS： | Measles-mumps-rubella attenuated live vaccine； Measles live attenuated vaccine； Mumps live attenuated vaccine； Rubella live attenuated vaccine； Safety； Immunological effects |
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