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“两票制”政策对医药流通企业影响的调查研究
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| 篇名： | “两票制”政策对医药流通企业影响的调查研究 |
| TITLE： | |
| 摘要： | 目的：了解不同规模医药流通企业（以下简称“企业”）对“两票制”政策的看法，为增强其适应能力提供参考。方法：通过委托江苏省15家医药流通企业向其全国范围内的子公司中发放问卷，调查国内大型和中小型企业的管理者关于“两票制”实施对行业的影响，包括对“两票制”政策的看法、“两票制”对不同规模企业的影响（包括财务、营销、运营与其他方面）、对“政策会导致中小流通企业难以生存进而转型”的看法、对“两票制”实施后药价降低的看法等进行分析，并针对不同企业规模提出建议。结果：共发放问卷141份、回收问卷141份，回收率为100％，其中有效问卷124份（来自大型企业83份，中小型企业41份），有效率为87.94％。114人（91.94％）对“两票制”持 “支持”和“非常支持”的观点，其中大型企业管理者中“非常支持”的有49人（59.04％）、“支持”的有28人（33.73％）、“一般”的有6人（7.23％），在中小型企业管理者中则依次为12、25、4人（29.27％、60.89％、9.76％）（χ2＝181.036，P＝0.007）；45位（54.22％）大型企业管理者认为在政策推行后会对“财务方面”产生影响，这一数据在中小型企业中为31位（75.61％）（P＜0.05），而该政策对两种规模企业在营销、运营与其他方面的影响差异不大（P＞0.05）；在对“政策会导致中小流通企业难以生存进而转型”的看法方面，大型企业“完全同意”“同意”“中立”的依次有11、61、11人（13.25％、73.49％、13.25％），中小型企业“完全同意”“同意”“不同意”的依次有12、20、9人（29.27％、48.78％、21.95％）（χ2＝101.451，P＝0.004）；在对“两票制”实施后药价降低看法方面，选择“完全同意”“同意”“中立”“不同意”的大型企业管理者数分别为12、27、30、12人（14.46％、32.53％、36.14％、14.46％）、中小型企业管理者数分别为1、26、10、2人（2.44％、63.41％、24.39％、4.88％）（χ2＝106.352，P＝0.008）。结论：企业普遍支持“两票制”，且企业规模越大支持程度越高；该政策主要影响企业财务结算，且企业规模越小影响程度越高；“两票制”会导致部分中小型企业难以生存进而转型；该政策会导致部分药价下调。对大型企业，笔者建议其加大收购力度，建立物流管控平台，变革财务制度，简化验票手续；对中小型企业，笔者建议其建立三方物流联盟，提升综合实力，积极推动转型，提供医药周边服务。 |
| ABSTRACT： | OBJECTIVE： To find out the view of “Two-invoice System” policy in pharmaceutical distribution enterprises （called “enterprises” for short） and provide reference for strengthening their adaptability. METHODS： Totally 15 pharmaceutical enterprises in Jiangsu province were entrusted to issue questionnaires to their nationwide subsidiaries. The questionnaire survey about the effects of “two-invoice system” on pharmaceutical distribution enterprises was conducted among domestic large-scale enterprises， medium and small-scale enterprises. The questionnaire covered the views on the policy of “two-invoice system”， the effects of “two-invoice system” on different scales of enterprises （including finance， marketing， operation and other aspects）， the views on “policy will lead transformation of medium and small-scale distribution enterprises due to difficult survival”， the views on the decrease of drug price after the implementation of “two-invoice system”. The results of surveyed enterprises were analyzed to put forward suggestions for different scales of enterprises. RESULTS： A total of 141 questionnaires were sent out， and 141 questionnaires were collected with recovery rate of 100％. Among them， there were 124 valid questionnaires （83 questionnaires from large-scale enterprises， 41 from medium and small-scale enterprises） with effective rate of 87.94％. 114 people expressed “support” and “very support”to the “two-invoice system” （91.94％）. Among large-scale enterprise managers， 49 people expressed “very support”（59.04％）； 28 expressed “support”（33.73％）； 6 people expressed “general”（7.23％）. Among medium and small-scale enterprise managers， 12， 25 and 4 people expressed above 3 kinds of attitude respectively （29.27％， 60.89％， 9.76％， χ2＝181.036， P＝0.007）. 45 large-scale enterprise managers believed that the implementation of policy would influence “finance” （54.22％）； 31 medium and small-scale enterprise managers also hold same opinion （75.61％） （P＜0.05）； there was no statistical significance in marketing， operation and other aspects between two scales enterprises （P＞0.05）. Among views on “policy will lead transformation of medium and small-scale distribution enterprises due to difficult survival”， 11， 61 and 11 people hold the opinion of “fully agreement”， “agreement”， “neutrality” in large-scale enterprises （13.25％， 73.49％， 13.25％）； 12， 20， 9 people hold the opinion of “fully agreement”， “agreement”， “disagreement” in medium and small-scale enterprises （29.27％， 48.78％， 21.95％） respectively （χ2＝101.451，P＝0.004）. ?Among views on the decrease of drug price after the implementation of “two-invoice system”， 12， 27， 30 and 12 people hold the opinion of “fully agreement”， “agreement”， “disagreement” in large-scale enterprises （14.46％， 32.53％， 36.14％， 14.46％）； 1， 26， 10， 2 people hold the opinion of “fully agreement”， “agreement”， “neutrality”， “disagreement”in medium and small-scale enterprises （2.44％， 63.41％， 24.39％， 4.88％） respectively （χ2＝106.352，P＝0.008）. CONCLUSIONS： Enterprises generally support the “two-invoice system”； the larger the scale of enterprises， the higher the degree of support. The policy mainly influences financial settlement of the enterprise； the smaller the scale of enterprises， the higher the degree of impact. “Two-invoice” will lead transformation of medium and small-scale distribution enterprises due to difficult survival； the policy will lead the price decrease of some drugs. For large-scale enterprises， it is suggested to increase purchasing power， establish logistics management and control platform， reform financial system and simplify the procedure of checking tickets. For medium and small-scale enterprises， it is suggested to establish three party logistics alliance， enhance comprehensive strength， actively promote transformation， and provide medical supporting services. |
| 期刊： | 2018年第29卷第17期 |
| 作者： | 郑慧凌，宋宝香，吴晶晶，张娜娜，高山 |
| AUTHORS： | ZHENG Huiling，SONG Baoxiang，WU Jingjing，ZHANG Nana，GAO Shan |
| 关键字： | “两票制”政策；医药供应链；药品流通；医药流通企业 |
| KEYWORDS： | “Two-invoice system” policy； Pharmaceutical supply chain； Drug distribution； Pharmaceutical distribution enterprise |
| 阅读数： | 712 次 |
| 本月下载数： | 15 次 |
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